Financial markets have been rising and falling as the European Monetary Union has looked more or less likely to survive.
Rightly so, as the EMU zone is big enough – six or seven times the size of the UK in terms of output and population – to shift global growth. The EMU authorities, after violent swings in the prices of their bonds and bank shares, at last are showing realism in the numbers they announce: sovereign bond investors will recover the historical average of 50% when countries such as Greece default; EMU banks must hold tier-one capital of around 10% against loans as do the Asians and Americans; and Europe’s banking system backstop will increase to $1.4 trn, the same as additions to the US centra...
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